Ramblings

"Puzzle Parables" - 11/15/2020

Shared with Nagoya All Saints International Congregation based on the Matthew 25: 14-30

I wonder about that hole in the ground, the one dug by the third servant in Jesus’ parable of the talents. Does he dig the hole by his own choice, or on account of the choices of others? Think about that with me.  Is the servant a victim of circumstance, or was it his own “lack of talent” that led to his decisions or does he have some culpability in his choice he makes when he buries the talent?  And, then there is the question, once the hole has been dug, is there any way out?

Jesus’ parables are like that. They invite listeners --- even require us --- to puzzle over their potential meanings.  Some parables seem simpler for example, “The kingdom of heaven is like yeast that a woman took and mixed in with three measures of flour until all of it was leavened.”[1]  Other parables sound like confusing riddles, or even bad jokes, and some challenge us to think more deeply about life and the systems that we are part of. 

Let us take a moment to review today’s parable: this parable of the talents. In Jesus’ day, one talent represented wages for approximately 15 years: enough money to fund the winnings of a large lottery jackpot. The story begins simply enough: “It is as if a man, going on a journey, summoned his servants and entrusted his property to them; to one he gave five talents, to another two, to another one, to each according to his ability. Then he went away.”

While the man is gone, the first two servants put his money to work, doubling its initial value. The third servant guards the man’s fortune by burying it in the ground. When the man returns, the first two servants receive a handsome reward for their investment savvy. So far, so good, at least from the view of those of us who benefit from market economics: where one is rewarded for education, talent, ingenuity even luck. No joke here or riddle.

But then the parable takes a threatening turn. When the man learns that the third servant has hidden his money, he calls him out. “You wicked and lazy servant!” He confiscates the money and passes it along to the richest of the three servants. Adding insult to injury, he calls for the third servant to be cast into the outer darkness, where there is weeping and gnashing of teeth.

The punch line of the parable seems to be that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Is this a simple parable, a good riddle or a bad joke or something else entirely?

Now to be honest, the parable of the talents has long encouraged the church’s fruitful stewardship of whatever gifts God has given. By this interpretation, the servant who buries his gift is like a tree that does not bear good fruit.  Those who increase their gifts are like a faithful servant who is at work when the Lord comes.  Admittedly I have even done a few sermons with that in mind. 

But again, Jesus speaks in parables so that his followers will be required to ponder more deeply.  For example, I have often found that I am far to quick to avoid the parts that do not fit with my first “go to” interpretation.  We should not view the fruitful stewardship of gifts as the only interpretation that is worthwhile.

Because viewed from a different perspective, the parable exposes the challenges of faithfulness in a world dominated by power and wealth where one is rewarded for education, talent, and ingenuity, --- unless you are not.  Return to the parable with me for we learn later that the man is rich, which should not have been a surprise because of the astronomical figures expressed in talents involved.  But we also learn --- at least from one perspective --- this rich man has achieved his wealth at the expense of others; “I knew that you were a harsh man reaping where you did not sow and gathering where you did not scatter seed.”[2]  With that lens in mind, we now discover in the parable that the first two servants multiply the rich man’s dishonesty. Whereas the third servant refuses to participate in this system, and for this refusal he is abandoned and condemned to a place of suffering.

So, in a roundabout way, the parable offers a clear-eyed analysis of the real world, one where we may find ourselves, perhaps not in much control of our circumstances, or comfortable in participating in something we find troubling.  Or we may feel like the best way in this world is to dutifully play it safe not challenging ourselves with what we have. Or we may have been given something to which we do not want or care for.  Look again at the precise accusation of the rich man who distributed the talents.  The rich man calls the slave “wicked” and “lazy.”  The laziness charge certainly sticks because whatever the method the rich man became wealthy, he certainly was trusting and generous in his servants and honest in his evaluation of what constitutes success.

Where is the good news for us in any of this?  Remember again the parables are Jesus way to teach us, so Jesus may be adding further depth to some earlier words about the cost of discipleship: “If any want to become my followers, let them deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. . . . For what will it profit them if they gain the whole world but forfeit their life? Or what will they give in return for their life?”[3]

How do we see that in this parable?

If that were not enough to ponder, there is something else, as you may know from you own Bible study, context is important.  In Matthew, Jesus tells this parable a couple of days before his arrest and crucifixion, events that will testify to many things, but one is the world’s fondness for punishing those who speak truth to power. And like the third servant in the story, Jesus will be condemned to suffering. Abandoned by most of his friends, he will cry out to God, “Why have you forsaken me?” Then he will be buried in a rock-hewn tomb, just as the talent is buried deep in the ground.

This is not the end of the story, however, even if it marks the ending of today’s parable. As Matthew’s Gospel makes clear, a hole in the ground --- even a tomb --- cannot contain Jesus. Jesus is the Messiah, raised from the dead. Or as another parable suggests, the “kingdom of heaven is like a treasure hidden in a field,” and the day will come when the Messiah will proclaim what has been hidden from the foundation of the world.

There is so much to make of this parable, so in that spirit, I began with a question for you and will end with a new one. I began by asking, does this third servant dig the hole by his own choice, or on account of the choices of others?

Thankfully, Jesus broke free from the tomb to reconcile us to God, to free us.  A freedom that calls us to be wise as foxes and an innocent as doves.  On one hand to live in the grace freely and fully into the grace have received, as well as to not be afraid to fully empty ourselves as disciples of Jesus Christ including speaking truth to power.  

Yet, unlike the two servants, the risks God would have us take are for the sake of others who have found themselves in holes of their or others making, for those who need to hear the promise of reconciliation.  Risking ourselves, not just our money or our status --- that is a genuine risk of discipleship.  Other people are the focus of our risk-taking.  Relationships are the riskiest business around. A freedom to risk love and service, to risk rejection and ridicule, to risk despair for the promise of fulfillment --- those are the truly profound risks that God wants us all to take, a challenge to which none of us does alone.   We have a loving Savior who wants to see us do well, to succeed with whatever he has given us to do.  So the question is this, if God risked everything in the person of Jesus Christ for the sake of our salvation, doesn't it seem likely that this same God might expect more than self-seeking, self-motivated, safety- conscious behavior from those who have been so wondrously graced?  Amen.

 

[1] Matthew 13:33

[2] Vs. 24

[3] Matt. 16:24–26

"The Gift of Appreciation" - 10/18/2020

Sermon shared during Zoom worship for Nagoya All Saints International Church, Nagoya, Japan based on 1 Thessalonians 1-10.

When I began to learn Japanese, it seemed I heard “thank you” all the time.  Perhaps because I was learning, or maybe because it was one of the first words I began to use on a regular basis.  Regardless it seemed like I heard a variation of thank you everywhere from the formal “arigatou gozaimasu” to the more formal “doumo arigatou gozaimasu” to the informal “thanks” or either “arigatou” or “doumo.”

But there are some unique to Japanese for example there could be a situation, like someone holding open the door to an elevator, where I would hear “Sumimasen, arigatou gozaimasu” which translated into English sounded and still sounds a little strange, “I’m sorry, thank you.”  And then there are some that are quite unique to Japanese as one can say, “osore irimasu” and “osewa ni narimashita” depending on the situation.

As I continued to live and learn more Japanese, I also found myself wondering are the words of appreciation I seemed to be hearing, everywhere were they because they were thankful or … just being polite?  Were the expressions proforma said … just to be said. Can “thank you” become so repetitive or common that it loses its meaning?  Overtime as my interactions in Japanese increased, or maybe because it was from my own maturity, or it could have been the novelty of living in Japan wore off, or a combination of all the above, I came to realize that just like in English words of appreciation do not always reflect a person’s feelings.

I remembered that experience, words of appreciation and their intention, when I considered the Apostle Paul's letters as we have them in the New Testament.  In the letter-writing standards of Paul's day, it was common, even expected, to include an expression of thanksgiving in the opening section of letters.  Paul did it in all his epistles to the churches, except for the one to the Galatians.  In that single case, it is possible that he was so distressed about the problems in the Galatian church that he could not think of any basis for thanksgiving. But that single exception also suggests that when Paul did include a thanksgiving in a letter, he did not do it as a matter of courtesy or routine, but only when he believed it was warranted.

Paul's first letter to the Thessalonians, our second lesson, is an example the other way --- he is sincerely appreciative. In this letter, he not only included a thanksgiving for the Thessalonian church members at the beginning, he also thanks God again for them halfway through the second chapter and again in the third chapter, which is a lot, considering that there are only five chapters in the whole letter![1]

Why was Paul so appreciative?  For one Paul had an interest in the church at Thessalonica, for he and Silas had planted it there on Paul's second missionary journey. In fact, in the letter, Apostle Paul compared his feelings for the Thessalonians to the compassion parents have for their children.[2] And Paul had reason to be proud of the Thessalonians. Paul and Silas had barely gotten the church off the ground before they had been run out of town by a mob.[3]  Yet in those hostile surroundings, those with whom they had spent time continued growing.

Paul had much to thank God for on their behalf. Their persistence amid that hostile environment may be what Paul had in mind when he wrote in his thanksgiving, “And you became imitators of us and of the Lord, for in spite of persecution you received the word with joy inspired by the Holy Spirit, so that you became an example to all the believers in Macedonia and in Achaia” (1:6-7).

As I continued to review the lesson, I realized there is more to Paul’s appreciation today that we can possibly learn from.  First, notice that Paul's expressions of thanks are addressed not directly to the Thessalonians, to the people themselves, but to God on their behalf. Writing not only for himself, but also for Silas and Timothy, Paul says, “We always give thanks to God for all of you and mention you in our prayers, constantly remembering before our God and Father your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ.” Of course, the Thessalonians would have heard that as a thank you to them as well, yet it is to God that Paul is expressing thanksgiving.

Note that Paul is not saying he is thankful that the Thessalonians are nice people or give a nice donation; he's much more specific about his reasons for thanking God: He's thankful for their “work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope.”  If this sounds familiar it is because we know from 1 Corinthians 13, that Paul considers these the trifecta of discipleship, so we should not be surprised that he also refers to them here.

However, when Paul includes faith, love and hope in his thanksgiving for the Thessalonian Christians, he does not talk about them as virtues in isolation, but Paul gets specific: He's thankful for their work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope.  In other words, their faith is grounded in the salvation presented by Jesus, it is translated into their conduct, how they act toward one another, the way in which they face the challenges of life, and their attitude about how things will come out in the end. Based on Paul’s view, Christianity is not a static belief for these Thessalonians, but a dynamic force that permeates all they say and do.

There is second point for us from Paul’s sincere words of appreciation that we can learn from.  Letting someone know you are thankful for something they have done or some attitude they exemplify has another effect as well: It encourages the person to continue in that way. That is what Paul has in mind as he lavishes praise on the Thessalonians; he wants them to keep on living this trifecta --- faith, hope, and love --- wholeheartedly.

But this encouragement is a two-way street for Paul himself is also a better person for his efforts to thank the Thessalonians. In expressing praise to God for them, he is recognizing the ways in which God is blessing his own faith, hope, and love. 

There is a third component for us to understand in Paul’s words of appreciation that can help us.  Back in the 1930s, the Jewish philosopher/theologian, Martin Buber, wrote a book in which he postulated that our human interactions are of two kinds.[4] Simply put, the first is called the “I-it” relationship. This is when we have no vital concern for other people; we are detached from them. We stop at a restaurant for lunch and a server takes our order. We do not know her.  We do not know about her marriage or her concerns about her children or her sore feet. She is primarily a person who provides a service. Our relationship to her is essentially the same as to a robot who could deliver food to your table. This is a subject-to-object, “I-it” relationship.

The other way in which we relate to others, says Buber, is the “I-thou” relationship. This is when the other person ceases to be a “something” to us and becomes a “someone.” I-thou is where we view others not in terms of what they can do for us, but in terms of who we are as ourselves and who they are to us.  Paul in his appreciation reminds us to see the other person as thou and not as it, and that changes both the other person and us.

We can give a token like a coin in gratitude.  That is a subject to object, an “I-it” relationship as Jesus reminds us today in the Gospel.^[5]  Or we can live in relationship thankful to God who gives all.

In summary, Paul's practice in his letters and particularly today of thanking God for those among whom he worked was not just a habit, a common salutation in all but one of his letters, but a relationship. It encouraged the people in the churches and assisted Paul in his own life of faith.  It affirmed their signs of faith, hope and love and their mutual foundation in God through Jesus Christ. More important in my view, it affirmed the sacredness of that person. 

Through Christ authentic appreciation is an important lesson for us.  We can help each other in faith and strengthen its vitality by first thanking God for the faith, hope, and love of our fellow worshipers and second, by thanking them directly as well. Furthermore, this life in appreciation is not limited but can be lived out beyond walls.  In doing so we can build upon on our relationships with our family, friends, colleagues and acquaintances by thanking them not out of habit or custom, not in terms of what they can do for us, or out of expectation for what we have done for them, but in terms of who we are ourselves; loved, forgiven and in relationship with God through, with, and in Jesus Christ --- sacred.

In doing so, we build upon ALL our relationships and become more faithful, hopeful, and loving as well as catch a grateful glimpse of God through Jesus Christ.  Thank you.  Amen.

 

[1] 1:2-5, 2:13-16, 3:9-10

[2] see 2:7, 11

[3] Acts 17:5-9

[4] https://www.britannica.com/topic/I-Thou

[5] Matthew 22: 15-22

"Thanksgiving in Suffering" - 9/20/20

A synthesized Sermon shared at Odawara Lutheran Church, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan and Nagoya All Saints International Congregation, from two different but similar sermons I preached.  Based on Philippians 1:21-30

Is the Apostle Paul writing from the clarity that ending can bring? According to The Atlantic, a US magazine, a study was done of more than 3,000 professional soccer games.[1]   It revealed that 23 percent of goals came in the final 15 minutes of the 90-minute match. The end of the game has a focusing effect, motivating players to summon their strength for a final push.  Another study looked at hospice workers and other end-of-life professionals. For these people, exposure to death causes them to “live in the present, cultivate a spiritual life and reflect deeply on the continuity of life.” Endings are important.

In his letter to the Philippians, the Apostle Paul offers a perspective on the end of life. “For to me,” he says, “living is Christ and dying is gain” (1:21). He knows that his ongoing life on earth means “fruitful labor” for the Philippians and for him, but at the same time he admits of his “desire is to depart and be with Christ” (vv. 22-24).

Are those words, are they written close to his death, a prisoner on death row, using remarkably positive language to describe his situation? “I want you to know,” he writes earlier in this chapter, “that what has happened to me has actually helped to spread the gospel, so that it has become known throughout the whole imperial guard and to everyone else that my imprisonment is for Christ” (vv. 12-13).  It seems that at least part of him wants his life on earth to end, so that he can be with Christ and share his resurrection life.  Are these words written with the clarity that impeding death may bring or is there a deeper theological meaning that Paul is trying to teach?

As you may or may not know, there is some lively Biblical scholarship regarding Apostle Paul’s letter to the church in Philippi, this letter to the Philippians. Scholars consider Philippians without a doubt to be an authentic work of the apostle Paul; that does not mean, however, that all the debate about the circumstances of its writing have ceased. The reason I bring it to your attention is that there is an ongoing debate over our portion today.

Tradition has it that the letter was written close to his death.  However recent scholarship around the literary integrity of the book, challenges the traditional location and date of its composition.  A close reading of the book suggests that Philippians is not one letter but two.  In that view, chapters 3 and 4 were sent first, followed by chapters 1 and 2, then compiled into one later.  That would mean given the usual chronology of Paul’s life and ministry, that would place these letters of Philippians sometime around 54-55 AD rather than about a decade later during his imprisonment in Rome and subsequent death.

I will not get into all the details about this scholarship, whether Philippians is a single letter or a composite of two letter, other than to direct you to the most obvious question. There is a sudden shift in tone found in 3:1, where Paul goes from “finally” encouraging the Philippians to “rejoice in the Lord” to telling them how it was not “irksome” to keep writing to them about the same things. The first two chapters had been filled with thanksgiving, and much of the next two chapters detail problems of divisions within the church.

I suspect we will never know, if it was one letter or two, but how does that scholarly debate impact us?  Let me return to my original question; should we interpret Paul through the clarity that impending death can bring?  Or were those words written a decade earlier without his impending death in mind?  And if it is the second, what did Paul have in mind?

I am wondering then if the second question is true that Paul’s words should be seen through something else found in the first two chapters --- through the sufferings. “Paul’s own afflictions,” writes Professor Morna Hooker, are not described in a negative way.  Instead, they “are seen as an opportunity for the gospel: People talk about his case; therefore, they learn about the Christian faith, and other Christians are encouraged to make a similar stand.”[2]

Remember, Saul later Paul of Tarsus went from holding the cloaks of those stoning St. Stephens, to blindness on the road and then new sight.  He experienced the cold shoulder of the first disciples who only knew Paul as a persecutor of the early church.  Paul experienced shipwrecks and imprisonment and hostile communities plus all the things we could summarize if we had his daily diary, the cold nights and inclement weather on the road. Professor Hooker continues, “The amazing fact that oppression leads to growth reflects the paradox that lies at the heart of the gospel — namely, that God’s power is revealed through the weakness of the cross and that victory comes through apparent defeat.”[3]

Paul wants us to live in a manner worthy of the gospel, aware of the defeat it can bring, reflective of the grace and love of Jesus Christ.  By doing so, for Paul we become stronger and more focused, standing firm in one spirit, and striving side by side with one mind. Such strength and unity do not often happen in good times. In fact, it usually happens in challenging times. Live your life “in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ,” Paul writes, “so that, whether I come and see you or am absent and hear about you, I will know that you are standing firm in one spirit, striving side by side with one mind for the faith of the gospel” (v. 27).

Paul reminds the Philippians that God “has graciously granted you the privilege not only of believing in Christ, but of suffering for him as well — since you are having the same struggle that you saw I had” (vv. 29-30). For most of us, the privilege of believing in Christ is easy to accept, and we are happy to receive the gift of forgiveness and new life. But “suffering for him as well”? That is a bit tougher to swallow.

For Paul, however, believing and suffering go together. Perhaps not surprisingly, we tend to be prejudiced, narrow regarding suffering without realizing it placing it solely in either thinking “no one knows the trouble I have seen” or thankful suffering has passed us by.   Yet, just think of the vast definitions of suffering illustrated in the Bible.

1. Creation suffers (Genesis 1-3)
2. Suffering can be mysterious. (Job)
3. Grief can cause suffering. (The death of Lazarus)
4. Suffering can come from being a victim. (Exodus)
5. We can experience empathic suffering, as we walk with others who suffer. (Old Testament prophets)

Those are just a few.  There is no one kind of suffering, one better than another.  There is no one form of suffering that is truer to the meaning of suffering.  Rather, while it is true that Christ died for us, the Apostle Paul is reminding us in today’s passage --- and perhaps to himself --- that it is also true that Christians die into this fullness of Christ. “Do you not know that all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death?” Paul asks the Romans (6:3). “We suffer with him,” he says, “so that we may also be glorified with him” (8:17).

Did Paul write these words in his cell as he waited death?  Or a decade earlier?  Regardless Paul is describing the challenge for us all as we live out our faith as the hands and feet of Jesus in the world.  The apostle Paul while happy to serve the Christ in this life, understood that with faith comes the clearness that suffering can bring.  An understanding that we will depart and be with Christ which provides strength and clarity --- and comfort --- throughout this life.  At the same time, we live in, with and through not only the joys of life in Christ in thanksgiving but within the variety of “sufferings” that this life can bring.  Amen.

 

[1] Healy, Ben. “The Science of Getting Over It.” The Atlantic, November 2019, www.theatlantic.com.

[2] Hooker, Morna D. “The Letter to the Philippians.” The New Interpreter’s Bible (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 2000), 492.

[3] Ibid.

A Ministry of Reconciliation - 8/16/2020

Sermon shared online with All Saints Nagoya International Church, Link on Sunday, August 16, 2020 based on the assigned Gospel for the day, Matthew 15: 10-28.

Today Jesus talks toilets.

In today’s lesson from the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus makes an astonishing analogy between a toilet and a wicked heart and then gives us a real-life example.

First, Jesus starts with the toilet: “Do you not see that whatever goes into the mouth enters the stomach, and goes out into the sewer?" (v. 17). This is the first part of the metaphor. The word that can be translated as “sewer” is the biblical Greek word aphedron. It refers to a place where human waste is dumped, that is, a privy or a toilet.

But the astonishing part about this is not that Jesus is talking toilets here, that should not surprise us because Jesus was both fully human and fully divine. What is amazing is Jesus is suggesting that the human heart --- the inner consciousness and sentient part of our nature --- can also be like a toilet. It is from this cesspool --- as he describes the parable to the disciples --- from where “evil intentions, murder, adultery, fornication, theft, false witness, slander” can be defecated, if you will, through the mouth.

The implication is clear, just like our hearts can be a place where love is found, our hearts can pollute everything around us. “These,” he says to his startled audience and the prim Pharisees, “are what defile a person,” not the outward fact that the hands have been washed or not washed (vv. 18-20).

For Jesus, hypocrisy stinks and we need more than air fresheners or incense for our homes and lives to cover it up. Jesus is teaching in this recorded text and elsewhere in the gospels that our words and actions are a product of who we are, of what is inside of us, in our hearts. That's what he means when Jesus says in his “Sermon on the Mount” that a person who thinks like an adulterer is an adulterer even though there's been no actual liaison and that the person who hates another person is a murderer, even though a literal murder has not been committed (Matthew 5:21-30).

So how do we get rid of the stink of hypocrisy? We need more than air freshener. We need more than a cosmetic approach. A toilet with warm seats and lids that goes up and down with the touch of a button and supplies a princess cover sound is still--a toilet.

The good news is that God through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ has reconciled us to God and has installed a new system, something so radical and effective that the results are authentic, pure, sweet-smelling, wholesome and of benefit to everyone.

As Paul puts it in today’s letters to the Romans, “are we rejected?” sewage to be swept out of God’s creation. Absolutely not! By grace, through faith, we are loved, forgiven, and baptized into God’s family, called to a life that calls us to a new heart, or a new nature. We are new creations in Christ, as the apostle Paul makes clear: “So if anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation: everything old has passed away; see, everything has become new!” (2 Corinthians 5:17). Because this is true, because we are reconciled to God, we have been given the “ministry of reconciliation” (2 Corinthians 5:18).

What is this ministry of reconciliation? This does not mean that we become burdened like community workers of old who go from home to home picking up that day’s sewage to spread on the fields. Rather, activated by faith, we speak and act as though we have met the living Christ. We walk in faith, walk in the Spirit, and recognize that we have been given a new life, a new heart, a new nature. Living as though we are in the family of God is an intentional choice of faith. We choose God. We say yes, every moment of our days to God. And the more we do this, the stronger we become.

We can--- based on Colossians 3 for just one example,

+ Live authentic lives.

+ Chose not to lie to one another.

+ Bear each other's burdens

+ Practice love and forgive one another.

+ Live gratefully, in peace, before God and one another.

That being said it does not mean that we do not struggle with all that may pour sewage back into our lives by our actions, those around us or by life circumstances some of which we have no control. The recent image in my mind is the pictures I saw from the flooding in Kumamoto and all the mud in people’s homes. Many were living their lives and then suddenly a flood had overwhelmed them and their neighbors. We can metaphorically feel the same way.  As if to underscore what Jesus has just said, the Gospel of Matthew at once supplies an illustration of hypocrisy and this ministry of reconciliation.

Jesus is in modern-day Lebanon and there meets a woman. Matthew names this person as a “Canaanite” woman -- emphasizing her heritage as among the earliest inhabitants of this region. “Canaanite” is cultural code for a long-hardened pagan and a longtime enemy of the Jewish monotheistic faith and commitment.

From the perspective of Jesus and the disciples the encounter with a Canaanite is daring, but with a Canaanite woman, it is doubly defiling. The strict codes of decency in Near Eastern culture sternly frowned on unrelated women and men socializing. The brazen, loud yet faithful approach of this lone woman to Jesus and his disciples makes her character especially questionable.

So, not only is this stranger an unescorted Canaanite woman (is she a single parent?) but she has a daughter who is owned by a demon. In an age in which it was a commonly held conviction that all diseases and afflictions resulted from past life choices, this woman's character rating slips even further. What has she done in her life to have earned such a curse on her and her daughter?

Yet, this faithful woman challenges the old mindset, the tables are turned and Jesus shows his disciples what it means to live as someone in touch with a heart that is higher than the laws, traditions, and conventions of human society --- this ministry of reconciliation.  Jesus, at first models the expected behavior and culture of that time, that no self-respecting and self-righteous man would have had anything to do with this woman, but then Jesus lives out this changed heart leading to a ministry of reconciliation. Out of this woman’s faithful response pointing out the hypocrisy, Jesus gives us a living example, that with a new “system” in place, a new nature, a new perspective, old barriers can be overcome and we are now open for daily opportunities to reconcile and live out the good news.  In turn to be gracious and generous, to be kind and compassionate.

Interestingly, that kind of a life is one that is like --- to God --- a sweet-smelling sacrifice of praise! “For we are the aroma of Christ to God among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing" (2 Corinthians 2:15). As we live like Christ, and “walk in the way of love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us” we are “as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God” (Ephesians 2:15).

May we be a sweet-smelling family of God. May those who live around us see us not as people with one face, whose actions betray us to be nothing more than sewage, but as people who can live out this ministry of reconciliation as fragrant examples of God’s love.  Furthermore, may our faith be like the woman’s, demanding a clean heart, not be satisfied with hypocrisy and open to the faith of others as we grow in faith.  Amen.

Prayer: This is a portion from a Prayer called “For Deliverance from False Desires and Fears.”[1]

“And, dear Jesus, grant me the grace to desire that others might be more loved than I, that others might be more esteemed than I, that in the opinion of the world, others may increase and I decrease, that others may be chosen and I may be set aside, that others may be preferred to me in everything, that others may become holier than I, provided that I, too, become as holy as I can.  Amen.”

 

[1] Shane Claiborne & Jonathan Wilson-Hartgrove, Common Prayer: Pocket Edition, Zondervan, 2012 p. 73.

"Good to be Wheat" - July 19, 2020

Shared with Nagoya All Saints International Church Link based on the Gospel Matthew 13: 24-30, 36-43

I remember early in my ministry, after a pastor’s meeting, a friend of mine came up to me and said that they had not seen my name on the list for a Young Pastor’s Group.  I said that I did not know anything about it and asked for more information.  Well come to find out that the invitation had been sent out to all those who were 30 years and under.  I was over 30.

After mutual chuckles when we realized what happed, I thanked her for thinking I was younger than 30!  Yet, after that experience, I left that meeting wondering about our general perceptions of others.  How do others perceive us?  But more than just age, how do we see ourselves and is it accurately reflected in the broader world?  And how about the people we meet, how do we see them?  Is everything as Doi Takeo suggested in Anatomy of Self, Link hone and tatemae --- our feelings and public display.  And how is that all lived out as Christians?  I would hope that the world would see me as a caring, compassionate, thoughtful Christian, but do they?  Of course, it takes interactions and relationship building that ultimately gives us the tools to understand each other more fully.

Over the years that event early in my pastoral career has reappeared in other ways as I have led my life as pastor, husband, and father.  Sometimes in less than humorous ways.  Either I have erroneously perceived a person or situation inaccurately or the other way around.  Meaning, not only may we not be perceived accurately but we may not accurately see others. 

That event from my past and those experiences since came to mind as I spent time thinking about today’s lesson from Matthew.  What is central to the parable of the wheat and the weeds is the preciousness of the wheat.  Meaning do we perceive ourselves as that precious wheat?  Or are we more like weeds?  And how about others?  Can we truly even judge or for that matter even fight against evil sprouting in and around us?  And if not, is this all to be left for the sweet by and by or a Dante style purgatory.

First let us review today’s lesson.  It begins with Jesus saying that the kingdom of heaven was like a person who sowed wheat seed in a field, but “while everybody was asleep, an enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat.”  The enemy sowed zizania in Biblical Greek --- otherwise known as tares, darnel, or cockle.  It is a weed that, especially in its early stages, looks like wheat, but at maturity, the weight of the grain of the wheat bends the heads down.  Since there is not much of anything in the heads of darnel, the plant continues to stand straight.  Darnel is, thusly, a plant of “air heads.”  It looks good, in other words, but there is nothing there and what is there is inedible.

Jesus adds in the parable that the slaves of the landowner, after identifying that a problem existed in the fields and make the issue known are the first to consider acting against the weeds after being told how they came about.  “Then do you want us to go and gather them” ask the slaves.  Do you want us to respond to this initiative from the hostile enemy?  Are we to fight back?

Interesting that it is the slaves who are volunteering for more work, perhaps it could be because they do not want to get blamed.  Either way, in the parable the response of the landowner is: Do nothing!  “No; for in gathering the weeds you would uproot the wheat along with them.”  In your zeal to root out the enemy, you are quite likely to tear up the whole field.  It will be “at harvest time,” when the landowner will instruct the reapers to gather the weeds first place in bundles to be burned.  The word translated as “time” in the parable is Kairos, which means “opportune time” not chronological time. 

Notice again that the parable says, “Let both grow….”  The word “let” in our translation is apheta in biblical Greek.  It may also be translated as “allow” besides “let” but another common translation of aphete is “forgive.”  “Forgive both grow…” which I think adds a different nuance.  The parable concludes that the weeds will be dealt with ultimately through fire.  The fire may not be the most pleasant of Biblical images, but it is certainly a dramatic one. 

We are then told that Jesus left the crowds and went “into the house,” which, incidentally, may have been his own residence in Capernaum.  In the house, the disciples want an explanation for this “parable of the weeds,” which shows, right there, that they did not get it.  You may also notice if you were following along in the Bible that the other parables are ignored by the disciples in this series.  Insightful for us that the disciples in Matthew’s version considered this one the most challenging!   And how does Jesus explain the parable.  Well, crucially the enemy is now, finally, identified as diabolos -- the devil.  And “The reapers” are identified as “angels” and the fire is now a furnace where there will be “weeping and gnashing of teeth” all eschatological references. 

So, what do you think?  Well for me it is helpful to put this parable in context for in Matthew the parable of the sower precedes this one.[1]  And what happens in that parable?  There is a sower, who sows everywhere, and some of the seed takes root in good soil, whereas in other places it is eaten or takes root within thorns.  At a another landing the seeds grows quickly but then wither in the heat.

However, in this parable, we have the Kingdom of Heaven with Christ as the sower sowing “wheat.”  This wheat seed are the children of the kingdom, Jesus says.[2]   In this parable, Christ refuses to lose any wheat, with the assumption that where it is planted is good.  Moreover, nothing is said on how it grows other than it will.

Another aspect of this parable and Jesus’ explanation to notice is that the wheat not getting destroyed with the weeds suggests a familiar theme, the same one that informs other parables like the one about the lost sheep or the lost coin --- and I would suggest even the gathering up of those 12 baskets of leftover fragments after the feeding of the 5,000.  In God's economy nothing is counted as expendable, whether lost sheep, lost pennies, wheat growing among weeds, or leftover fragments after a miracle.  We had just heard earlier in Matthew that we are not to fear for “you are of more value than many sparrows.”[3]  Furthermore, in this parable there is also an echo of a question posed by the two disciples James and John as recorded in Luke when Jesus is not received well.[4]  “Do you want us to command fire to come down from heaven and consume them?” similar to today’s slaves at the presence of the weeds.  Jesus' reply to the Sons of Thunder is also pertinent: “He rebuked them.”

For God, apparently, all is precious in God’s economy.  Since God loves goodness more than God hates evil, and is not willing to lose the good … what about evil?  This parable does not excuse it or our Christian responsibilities, rather in this parable Jesus reminds us that in God’s “time of harvest,” there will be a reckoning.  Evil will be checked, but by God's work and not ours.  Not that excuses us from the present evils but the inspiration to do act is not in today’s parable.

Again, the implication of this parable is that God is a different kind of farmer than we can ever imagine.  God is like a teacher who care less about who cheats as who learns.  She bides her time with a classful of known smug stinkers just so one struggling underachiever can pass his test.  And it is not up to the stinkers in the class, or the fellow teachers or the administration, to decide.

In summary all these observations have comprehensive implications not only for us but for others.  We can grow impatient with God when our prayers to uproot some personal weeds seem to go unanswered.  God will not uproot the wheat of our survival to get at the weed of our fury.  And perhaps the weed itself is merely another strain of wheat that we do not recognize.  We are not always particularly good at identifying wheat from weed.  For example, up until their crucifixion, the two thieves who died beside Jesus probably appeared as no more than two bad peas in the same bad pod.  Time told another story.

Jesus knows evil will be dealt with ultimately through the purifying furnace.  Again, this purifying furnace is not the most pleasant of Biblical images, but we all have our “weed side” --- that part of us which may look good but does not produce fruit.  This part will be refined away, leaving only that which is built on Christ.  In God's time of harvest, this will be seen and experienced as a good thing.  After all, the one who sends the purifying refinement --- is really the one who loves us so much and is the same one who hesitant to risk one single grain of wheat at the mere appearance of evil.

Notice again that the “wheat” is never threatened in the parable, not while growing or at harvest.  No matter how many weeds are planted in the field, in fact, it was the very produce of the “wheat” that illuminated the failure of the weeds in the first place.

All this I find hopeful and perhaps even joyful in these times of pandemic.  Again, and again, amid this thorny and rocky and good world, God is not only sowing a life-giving Word but building a harvest, including the found lost sheep, discovered lost coin, or returned prodigal child.  Meaning that however we perceive others and others perceive us, we have a God who came incarnate in Jesus Christ to bring good news to the poor, and comfort to those who mourn. To heal the brokenhearted.  To open prison.  Turning upside down what we may consider weeds in the first place.

I was reminded of Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s, the German pastor and theologian who was martyred in 1945, on his comment regarding the two trees in The Garden: the tree of life, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.  And how the original human sin was choosing knowledge of good and evil over the tree of life.  Bonhoeffer indicted that at that moment we could choose to know God and have life, or we could choose to try and be like God to raise up good and exterminate evil.[5]  It seems we prefer to be like God over over life.

All in all, this parable is a good reminder to ground ourselves as wheat in God’s good soil and that is how we are to perceive ourselves and other people around us.  That it is important to bear that in mind when we grow impatient with God's role.  How long must this creation groan in its labor?  Often in these moods our attention is fixed more intently on the stubborn persistence of evil than on the slow emergence of a harvest of wheat and God’s role.  Amen.

 

[1] 13: 1-23

[2] 13:38

[3] Matthew 10: 31

[4] Luke 9: 54

[5] For more thought on this see:  https://sojo.net/articles/tree-life-politics-abundance