Matthew 16: 13-20
One reality of serving an urban church like Good Shepherd is hauling around keys and lots of them. It is not unique to this congregation. Although some may lament the day when everyone including the church never locked their doors, in truth that supposed golden era never really existed because locks and keys were invented as soon as humanity began to store things rather than living from hand to mouth.
The numbers of keys we have are not unique. All of these keys are to protect the property from vandalism and from becoming a public bathroom. Besides the keys to doors, we have keys for the dispensers in the bathroom and for various closets and storage areas. In other words, if I carried a copy of all the keys we need, in short, my pants pockets would break.
But I've got a bigger problem on my hands when it comes to keys. Because not only do I have keys from the church, and my home and car as well but in our I.D.-electronic-cryptic-cyber-coded age, keys are not only physical things that plague our pockets and puncture our purses. Many keys are mental, hauled about in the mainframe of our minds. "Hey, what's the pass code to log onto the computer or access the ATM or retrieve the messages?" For example, this past week I had to change a password to a web site three times because I couldn't remember the first password, and had then had to change it again because I couldn't' remember the new password.
Perhaps of all these keys that I struggle with, could be why today's words from the Gospel of Matthew where Jesus talks to us about the keys of the kingdom caught my attention. Before we get to keys, first, let's do a brief study. Let us begin with verse 13, where we read that Jesus came into the district of Caesarea Philippi. The district of Caesarea Philippi lies about twenty-five miles north of the Sea or Lake of Galilee. I had the opportunity to visit this location in 2005 and learned that although we do not know precisely why this event happened outside of Judea, it is a very interesting place for Jesus to ask these two questions.
Centuries ago people in this area where Jesus and his disciples found themselves built a village because of the large spring that flowed from a cave that feeds into the river Jordan. Because of the importance of water, this area had many conquerors like the armies of Alexander the Great, whose settlers built a shrine to the god Pan adding to the various shrines already built there for the local deities for the peoples over the ages. Later after the Romans occupied this area, King Herod the Great had another shrine, a massive temple built to honor Cesar Augustus. This is the reason the city and surroundings had been renamed after Caesar Augustus and his son Philippi.
All of this history reminds us that when Jesus came to this community and asked his disciples who do people say I am, as the disciples looked around before they answered, it was a city filled various active shrines, many choices built over the centuries to various overlapping gods all brightly advertizing who they were.
This leads us to the response of the disciples; many people thought that Jesus was none other than John the Baptist. Now that seems odd. At this point in the life of Jesus, we know that Herod had recently beheaded John the Baptist. Thus the response of the disciples suggests people thought John had come back to life which seems odd to us since Jesus was possibly close in age to John. That compares to the other suggestion that Jesus was the return of Elijah. For centuries, many Jews believed that Elijah was to appear before coming of the Messianic age.
After the responses, Jesus then asks the disciple a personal question. One Biblical scholar translates this sentence, "And you, who do you, say that I am?" We don't know what all the responses were but it is not inconsistent to hear Peter speak up. Consistently, Peter in the Gospels is the first to speak, the one to take the initiative, the one who doubts and sinks in a storm, the one who sticks his foot in his mouth on the mount of Transfiguration.
"You are the Messiah, Son of the living God." Peter, of course, got the answer right. These words are one of the climaxes of the gospels, one of the high points, one of the mountaintops. Peter, for a moment, finally gets it right and understands the truth about Jesus. That Jesus was/is more than a prophet, more than a great moral leader, more than a loving example for us to follow.
Jesus is pleased and concludes that it was not Peter's human reason that came to that conclusion; instead it was revealed to him. It is not human reason that leads to the conclusion that Jesus Christ is the living Son of God who is with us at this very moment and in all moments of our lives, but it is God's revelation due to the work of the Holy Spirit that leads us to believe in Christ as our living Lord.
At this point, Jesus does a play on words. The word, "Peter," means "rock." "You are Rocky. You are the Rock." Peter receives a new name from Jesus. Receiving a new name indicates that Peter has been given a new identity. This play on words has led Christians throughout the centuries to ask: What is the foundation or rock on which the church is built? Jesus? Peter? The confession of Peter? Protestants, of which Lutherans are near the first, have taken the traditional Protestant interpretation. That is, "on this rock" refers to Peter's testimony, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." That confession is the rock on which the church is to be built. The emphasis is not on Peter and the person of Peter but on Christ, the Son of the Living God.
What are the keys of the kingdom? The answer to that question has also caused endless debate and interpretation.
But before we look at the keys, let us take a moment and focus on the word, "kingdom," and not the word, "keys." We remember the kingdom of God/heaven was/is Jesus' primary teaching. We have listened to parables of the kingdom and teachings of the kingdom. We have also heard about the miracles of the kingdom. The kingdom is wherever and whenever the love of Christ rules in a person's life.
Within the kingdom then what are these keys? The word, "keys," is a plural word reminding us there is more than one key. "Whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." This saying was an Aramaic colloquial phrase, one of the languages of Jesus. To "loose on earth" meant to declare a person to be released, loosed or absolved. "To bind on earth" meant to declare that a person to be bound to the consequences of his or her sins. It seems that the phrase, "to loose and to bind" was a common Jewish phrase in Jesus' day. To "loose and to bind" was to allow and forbid, to declare something allowed and to declare something forbidden.
That being said, in our daily lives, we all use contemporary colloquialisms, and we grasp the meaning of those colloquialisms such as "go jump in the lake" or "drop dead" or "get lost" or "go fly a kite." We also know that we are not to take these words literally or we would all get wet as we jumped in a lake or we would all die on the spot as we dropped dead or we would go get lost or we would go buy kites and fly them. We intuitively know that these phrases are slang expressions, contemporary colloquialisms that are not to be taken literally. So perhaps, it the same with this phrase; it was an Aramaic colloquialism to grant forgiveness or withhold forgiveness.
So what do you think about all this? I can't tell you how the disciples felt that day when Jesus asked these two questions in the city where shrines to various gods were built right next to each other, each with their own separate keys; the keys for the shrine to Pan; the keys to the temple to Caesar; the keys to the local shrine for the local deity. So, I wonder if part of our problem today is that you and I are key holders to the church of the risen Christ. And, as keepers of the keys, we have keys to this church which means, we do not have the keys to the Crestholme Presbyterian or to Highland Hills Baptist or Saint Margaret Mary or Holy Name Roman Catholic churches. I don't have keys to any of those places and to honest I am very thankful that I do not.
So many keys too so many churches each with stuff to protect, slows the church to the pace of a turtle, making us careful not only to distinguish ourselves, but protect what we have, lest we open the door to someone who doesn't look like everyone else around here, lest we open, for example, and actually celebrate the gifts for ministry of those who are gay and lesbian and invite them to "forgive our hard hearts and to come back home." Or we open the doors to someone else we may not like or agree with.
But that's the problem in this world that you and I live in. We don't have to worry about keys of the kingdom we worry about many, many more and forget that these keys Jesus promised are not to be a cause for concern but as a reason for celebration and liberation. The keys Jesus promises are more mystical than mundane, cut to holy precision to open up the grace-filled, doors-wide-open reality of God; huge keys not to be held in our pockets, purses or in our minds, but to open the most intimidating doors and razor-sharp keys to break loose windows that have not been open for years.
The keys Jesus promises are meant to unlock the world's longing for celebration and liberation. All around Jesus that day where choices of various keys to the shrine of Pan, the god of having fun, there were keys to the temple of power and money found in the temple to Caesar Augustus. But, Jesus was asking the disciples not how many keys do I have or how well am I protecting what I have but what kind of keys do I have? Who is Jesus the holder of the keys? What is your confession? Amen.

